List of chess openings named after animals

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The Oxford Companion to Chess lists 1,327 named openings and variants.^[1] Some openings have been given fanciful names, often names of animals. The Dragon Variation of the Sicilian Defence was named in 1901 after its resemblance of Black's kingside pawn structure to the constellation Draco,^[2][3] It is one of the sharpest of all chess openings,^[4] with ten named sub-variations analysed in Encyclopaedia of Chess Openings.^[5]

The Orang-Utan Opening was an occasional novelty named by the witty Polish master Savielly Tartakower in 1924.^[6] Nevertheless the Orang-Utan's wide range of options has attracted attention from analysts.^[7] Some animal variations have development from novelties into serious competition weapons, for example the Hippopotamus Defence looks passive but offers opportunities for well-timed counter-attacks.^[8] The similar Hedgehog Opening may leave the White pieces with an impressive position but little prospect of making progress,^[9] and Black may threaten a breakthrough at the right time.^[10]

Analysts continued to devise new variations, some named after animals. For example Stefan Bücker introduced the Vulture and Hawk variations,^[11] which chess journalist and correspondence chess expert Tim Harding included in his collection of unorthodox openings, "Dynamic Black Defenses". In 2007 Anthea Carson and Brian Wall published "How to Play Chess Like an Animal",^[12] to bring fun and creativity to chess lessons for young players.^[13]

Below is a list of chess openings named after animals.

• Black Lion Defense 1.e4 d6 2.d4 Nf6 3.Nc3 Nbd7;^[14]
• Black Mustang Defense 1.Nf3 Nc6;^[15]
• Bullfrog Gambit 1.d4 Nf6 2.g4;^[16]
• Canard Opening 1.d4 Nf6 2.f4;^[17]
• Chameleon variation of the Sicilian Defence 1. e4 c5 2. Nc3 Nc6 3. Nge2^[18]
• Chameleon variation of the Slav Defense 1. d4 d5 2. c4 c6 3. Nf3 Nf6 4. Nc3 a6 ^[19]
• Clam Variation 1.e4 e5 2.d3;^[20]
• Crab Opening 1.a4 e5 2.h4;^[21]
• Dragon Variation of the Sicilian Defence 1.e4 c5 2.Nf3 d6 3.d4 cxd4 4.Nxd4 Nf6 5.Nc3 g6;^[22]
• Double Duck Formation 1.f4 f5 2.d4 d5;^[23]
• Elephant Gambit 1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 d5;^[24]
• English Orangutan 1.c4 Nf6 2.b4;^[25]
• English Rat 1.d4 d6 2.c4 e5;^[26]
• Fried Fox Variation 1.e4 f6 2.d4 Kf7;^[27]
• Giraffe Attack of the Vienna Game 1.e4 e5 2.Nc3 Bc5 3.Qg4;^[28]
• Great Snake 1.c4 g6;^[29]
• Halibut Gambit of the English Opening 1.c4 b5;^[30]
• Hawk Defense 1.d4 c5 2.d5 Nf6 3.Nf3 c4;^[31]
• Hedgehog a pawn formation adopted usually by Black that can arise from several openings;^[32]
• Hippopotamus Defence a name for various chess opening systems in which Black moves a number of his pawns to the third rank (usually a6, b6, d6, e6, g6, h6);^[33]
• Kangaroo Defense 1.d4 e6 2.c4 Bb4+;^[34]
• Kingfisher Gambit of the Dutch Defense 1.d4 f5 2.Nc3 d5 3.e4;^[35]
• Lizard Attack of the Dunst Opening 1.Nc3 d5 2.e4 d4 3.Nce2;^[36]
• Lobster Gambit of the Latvian Gambit 1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 f5 3.g4;^[37]
• Mad Dog Attack of the Blackmar-Diemer Gambit 1.d4 d5 2.e4 dxe4 3.Nc3 Nf6 4.f3 exf3 5.Nxf3 g6 6.Bg5 Bg7 7.h4;^[38]
• Medusa Gambit 1.d4 Nf6 2.c4 g5;^[39]
• Mongoose variation of the Sicilian defence 1. e4 c5 2. Nf3 Qa5; ^[40]
• Monkey's Bum of the Modern Defense 1.e4 g6 2.Bc4 Bg7 3.Qf3 e6 4.d4 Bxd4 5.Ne2 Bg7 6.Nbc3;^[41]
• Mosquito Gambit of the Englund Gambit 1.d4 e5 2.dxe5 Qh4;^[42]
• Orangutan Opening 1.b4;^[43]
• Polar bear system in Bird's Opening (1.f4), a system devised by grandmaster Henrik Danielsen;^[44]
• Porcupine Variation, 1.c4 f5 2.e4 fxe4 3.Nc3 Nf6 4.g4;^[45]
• Pterodactyl Variation, Modern, 1.d4 g6 2.c4 Bg7 3.Nc3 d6 4.e4 c5 5.Nf3 Qa5;^[46]
• Raptor Attack of the Trompowsky Attack 1.d4 Nf6 2.Bg5 Ne4 3.h4;^[47]
• Rat Defence 1.d4 d6;^[26]
• Scorpion-Horus Gambit of the Caro-Kann Defence 1.e4 c6 2.Nc3 d5 3.d3 dxe4 4.Bg5;^[48]
• Sicilian Pterodactyl 1.e4 g6 2.Nf3 Bg7 3.d4 c5;^[49]
• Snail Variation of the Old Benoni Defense 1.d4 c5 2.d5 Na6;^[50]
• Snake Variation of the Benoni Defense 1.d4 Nf6 2.c4 c5 3.d5 e6 4.Nc3 exd5 5.cxd5 Bd6;^[51]
• Tortoise Opening 1.e4 e5 2.Bd3;^[52]
• Vulture Defense 1.d4 c5 2.d5 Nf6 3.c4 Ne4;^[11]
• Wasp Variation of the Elephant Gambit 1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 d5 3.Nxe5 dxe4 4.Bc4 Qg5;^[53]
• Whale Opening 1.e4 e5 2.c4;^[54]
• Wild Bull Defense 1.e4 Nh6;^[55]

See also

• Chess opening
• List of chess openings
• List of chess openings named after people
• List of chess openings named after places
• List of U.S. counties named after animals

References

1. Jump up ^ Hooper, David; Whyld, Kenneth (1992), The Oxford Companion to Chess (2 ed.), Oxford University Press, pp. 461–480, ISBN 0-19-280049-3
2. Jump up ^ Gufeld, Eduard (June 1998). Secrets of the Sicilian Dragon. Cardoza Publishing. ISBN 0-940685-92-2.
3. Jump up ^ Martin, Andrew (2005). "Intro". Starting Out: The Sicilian Dragon. Everyman Chess. p. 5. ISBN 1-85744-398-5.
4. Jump up ^ Wolff, Patrick (1997). "9". The Complete Idiot's Guide to Chess. Patrick Wolff. p. 147. ISBN 0-02-861736-3.
5. Jump up ^ "Sicilian, Dragon Variation (B70)". Chess openings. Chessgames.com. Retrieved 2007-04-25.
6. Jump up ^ Tamburro, P.J. (2000). "The Orangutan". Learn Chess from the Greats. Courier Dover Publications. p. 100. ISBN 0-486-41373-X. Retrieved 27 Oct 2009.
7. Jump up ^ Martin, Andrew (2004), How To Meet The Polish & Grob, www.jeremysilman.com
8. Jump up ^ Persson, T.H. (2005). Tigers' Modern. Quality Chessbooks. p. 93. ISBN 91-975243-6-0.
9. Jump up ^ Suba, Mihai (1991). Dynamic Chess Strategy. Pergamon Chess. p. 20. ISBN 0-08-037141-8.
10. Jump up ^ "Lev Polugaevsky vs Ľubomír Ftáčnik (1982)". ChessGames.com. Retrieved 2008-06-28.
11. ^ Jump up to: ^{a b} Bucker, Stefan (2005). "Over the Horizons". ChessCafe.com. Retrieved 2009-10-26.
12. Jump up ^ Carson, A.; Wall, B. (2007). How to Play Chess Like an Animal. Mother’s House Publishing. ISBN 0-9797144-7-8. Retrieved 27 Oct 2009.
13. Jump up ^ Kennedy, R. "Chessville Reviews - How to Play Chess Like an Animal". Retrieved 2009-10-27.
14. Jump up ^ The Black Lion review Chessville. Retrieved 2011-12-13.
15. Jump up ^ "Zukertort Opening: Black Mustang Defense (A04)". Chess.com. Retrieved 2009-10-26.
16. Jump up ^ "Chess Opening Links". Kenilworth Chess Club. Retrieved 2009-10-26.
17. Jump up ^ "A45: Canard opening". 365Chess.com. Retrieved 2009-10-26.
18. Jump up ^ "B23: Sicilian, chameleon variation". 365Chess.com. Retrieved 2012-07-15.
19. Jump up ^ "Slav Defense, Chameleon Variation". chesstempo.com. Retrieved 2012-07-16.
20. Jump up ^ Saba, Marco. "Scacchi: Enciclopedia pratica dei Gambetti". Studimonetari.org. Retrieved 2009-10-26.
21. Jump up ^ "ECO A00-A49 (anglais)". Fédération québécoise des échecs. Retrieved 2009-10-26.
22. Jump up ^ "Dragon Variation - Sicilian Defense". Expert-chess-strategies.com. Retrieved 2012-01-12.
23. Jump up ^ "System: Double Duck Formation (A02)". Chess.com. Retrieved 2012-03-30.
24. Jump up ^ "The Elephant Gambit for Black – 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 d5!?". ChessVille.com. Retrieved 2009-10-26.
25. Jump up ^ "English Orang Utan - Chess Opening Database". ChessVideos.tv. Retrieved 2009-10-26.
26. ^ Jump up to: ^{a b} "Rat Defense: English Rat (A41)". Chess.com. Retrieved 2009-10-26.
27. Jump up ^ "ECO B00-B49 (anglais)". Fédération québécoise des échecs. Retrieved 2009-10-26.
28. Jump up ^ "Vienna Game: Giraffe Attack (C25)". Chess.com. Retrieved 2009-10-26.
29. Jump up ^ "English Opening: Great Snake Variation (A10)". Chess.com. Retrieved 2009-10-26.
30. Jump up ^ "English Opening: Halibut Gambit". Chess.com. Retrieved 2009-10-26.
31. Jump up ^ "A43 - Chess Opening Database". ChessVideos.tv. Retrieved 2009-10-26.
32. Jump up ^ Kasparov, Garry (2004). My Great Predecessors, part IV. Everyman Chess. ISBN 1-85744-395-0.
33. Jump up ^ Andrew Martin, The Hippopotamus Rises: The Re-emergence of a Chess Opening, Batsford, 2006, p. 9. ISBN 978-0-7134-8989-7.
34. Jump up ^ "Kangaroo Defense". Chess.com. Retrieved 2009-10-26.
35. Jump up ^ "Dutch Defense: Kingfisher Gambit (A80)". Chess.com. Retrieved 2009-10-26.
36. Jump up ^ Keilhack, Harald (2005). Knight on the Left: 1.Nc3. Russell Enterprises. ISBN 1-888690-19-4.
37. Jump up ^ "C40, Latvian Gambit, Lobster Gambit, 1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 f5 3.g4". John A. Yowan. Retrieved 2012-04-29.
38. Jump up ^ http://www.chessville.com/UCO/BDGZealot/BDGZealot%20Vol%201%20No%201.pdf
39. Jump up ^ Nakamura, Clyde. "Psychology of Gambit Chess Openings". Chessville.com. Retrieved 2009-10-26.
40. Jump up ^ "Chess Database". chesstempo.com. Retrieved 2012-07-15.
41. Jump up ^ Povah, Nigel (August 1977). "Monkey Business with 2 ♗c4 against the Modern Defence". British Chess Magazine 97 (8): 350–353.
42. Jump up ^ "Englund Gambit Complex: Mosquito Gambit (A40)". Chess.com. Retrieved 2009-10-26.
43. Jump up ^ "1.b4 Theory & Practice of the Sokolsky Opening - Products - New In Chess". New in Chess. Retrieved 2009-10-26.
44. Jump up ^ "Bird's Opening 1.f4". The Week in Chess. Retrieved 2012-07-16.
45. Jump up ^ "Magazine Articles". New In Chess. Retrieved 2009-10-26.
46. Jump up ^ "Bill Wall's list of opening variations".
47. Jump up ^ "Igor Miladinovic vs Michael Adams, Moscow olm 62/53 1994, Trompowsky Attack: Raptor Variation (A45)". ChessGames.com. Retrieved 2009-10-26.
48. Jump up ^ "Scacchi: Enciclopedia pratica dei Gambetti". Studimonetari.org. Retrieved 2009-10-26.
49. Jump up ^ "B20-B59". Chess Archaeology. Retrieved 2009-10-26.
50. Jump up ^ "Benoni Defense: Snail Variation (A43)". Chess.com. Retrieved 2009-10-26.
51. Jump up ^ "Stuart Conquest vs John Fedorowicz, Benoni Defense: Modern. Snake Variation (E00)". ChessGames.com. Retrieved 2009-10-26.
52. Jump up ^ Watson, John (2006), Mastering the Chess Openings, Vol. 1, Gambit, ISBN 978-1-904600-60-2
53. Jump up ^ "NN vs David Bronstein, Moskva-Kislovodsk 1954, Elephant Gambit: Wasp Variation (C40)". ChessGames.com. Retrieved 2009-10-26.
54. Jump up ^ "Pecci vs Fritz 5 Match 2001 · English Opening: The Whale". ChessGames.com. Retrieved 2009-10-25.
55. Jump up ^ "Classifications of Chess Openings". Chess.com. Retrieved 2009-10-25.
56.  
57. External links
58. Unorthodox Chess Openings by Eric Schiller
59. Bill Wall's list of chess openings
60. ECO Information and Index
61. Chess Archaeology                                                               Fonte: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki