江戶時代 冷泉為恭 圍棋圖浮世繪

江戶時代　冷泉為恭　圍棋圖浮世繪

江戶時代女子弈棋圖

Honinbo Sansa (本因坊算砂 Hon'inbō Sansa, 1559-1623) was a famous Go player.

Sansa was the first head of the Honinbo house and the first Meijin, taking the name Sansa. Sansa was the rival of Kashio Rigen. He was also a strong shogi player. He was a Buddhist priest of the Nichiren sect and his original name was Nikkai. He lived in a temple pavilion called Honinbo from where he taught Go.

Honinbo Shusai (本因坊秀哉 Hon'inbō Shūsai) is the professional name of Tamura Hoju, also known as Tamura Yasuhisa (田村 保寿, 1874 -– 18 January 1940), a Japanese professional Go player.

21st and last hereditary head of the Honinbo school, as well as the 10th Meijin when that title stood for the highest Go authority in Japan, rather than the winner of the current annual title duel. Shusai played a role in founding the Nihon Ki-in and turned the Honinbo title over to the Ki-in, who changed it from a hereditary title to a tournament.

Korean Women Playing Go
Postcard, 1902

Yoko-e print by Utamaro, published by Maruya Bunemon ca. 1794.

Album leaf by Harunobu. Published in 1770. From Yoshiwara Shunro Bijin Awase Sugata Kagami (A Collection of Beauties of the Brothels of Yoshiwara), Vol. 1, sheet 10a. This collection featured works by both Suzuki Harunobu and Kitao Shigemasa.

From the series Fujin Kurabe Reishiki no Zu (Ladies' Polite Behavior Compared in Pictures). This is one of the few prints that accurately show 19x19 lines on the board, although as usual the placement of the stones would baffle any real player of the game.

弟子たちの対局を楽しそうに見つめる木谷（中央）

本因坊の防衛戦の相手は売り出し中のホープ、張（左）。気合を込めて石をうち下ろす加藤（日本棋院提供）

　２００２年（平成１４年）

爛柯的傳說：“山中方一日，世上已千年”

A Senet game from the tomb of Amenhotep III — the Brooklyn Museum, New York City

EGYPTIAN MUSEUM, SENET

Jeu de Senet Ebène, ivoire argent Qustul (entre le III et de VIème millénaire)

Part of a 'senet' board - New Kingdom (1567-1085 BC)

Tomb scenes record a great number of pastimes. Many objects recovered from tombs can often be identified as toys and games. Board games were very popular, especially 'senet', which is frequently found in tombs and shown in paintings. Sometimes the accompanying text gives instructions which has enabled the rules of the game to be reconstructed.

This piece is part of a 'senet' board, with four pieces. Senet is known from Predynastic times (5500 - 3100 BC) to the late Roman period (30 BC - AD 395). Even today in Egypt and Sudan there is a similar game.

The object of 'senet' was to get one's pieces off the board and prevent the other player from doing so. The board was divided into three rows of ten squares. It could be made of limestone, steatite or faience (like this one). Moves were determined by throwing sticks with one flat and one rounded side, or knuckle bones made of bone, ivory or steatite. Gaming pieces were often in the form of animals, gods or occasionally captive foreigners.

Il Senet
La prima immagine della quale si abbia notizia, raffigurante un gioco, risale al 2650 a.C. ed è stata rinvenuta sulle pareti della tomba di un sacerdote di nome Hesy, situata nei pressi di Saqqara. L'immagine rappresenta molto chiaramente tre tavolieri a fianco dei quali vi sono dei contenitori con quelli che dovevano essere i pezzi di gioco. Si riconosce un tavoliere a forma di serpente arrotolato, uno costituito da una fila di caselle rettangolari e un terzo suddiviso in tre file da dieci caselle quadrate, alcune delle quali contraddistinte da un simbolo. Quest'ultimo è il tavoliere di un gioco conosciuto con il nome Senet, da molti ritenuto una sorta di antenato del moderno Backgammon. Si tratta di un gioco di percorso per due giocatori, che muovono i loro pezzi lungo le caselle del tavoliere, con il probabile intento di farle uscire prima dell'avversario (proprio come accade nel Backgammon). Frammenti di questo gioco e incisioni raffiguranti persone intente a giocare sono stati rinvenuti un po' ovunque nei territori che si trovavano sotto il dominio egizio e in quelli confinanti a testimonianza del fatto che il gioco doveva godere di una grande popolarità, ma la scoperta più spettacolare e preziosa è stata fatta nel 1923 nei pressi di Tebe dalla spedizione di Howard Carter e Lord Carnarvon, che riportò alla luce il tesoro del mitico faraone Tutankhamon, vissuto attorno al 1300 a.C.. Nel corredo funerario del faraone, l'unico pervenutoci perfettamente intatto e che possiamo ammirare nelle meravigliose sale del Museo Egizio del Cairo, erano presenti tre tavolieri dello stesso gioco, in formato diverso.

Senet

Senet may be the oldest board game in the world, although it is impossible to prove which game is the oldest. The oldest remnants of any ancient board game ever unearthed however are those of Senet, found in Predynastic and First Dynasty burials of Egypt, circa 3500 BC and 3100 BC respectively. Senet is also featured in a painting from the tomb of Merknera (3300–2700 BC) Another painting of this ancient game is from the Third Dynasty tomb of Hesy (c. 2686–2613 BC). It is also depicted in a painting in the tomb of Rashepes (c. 2500 BC).

By the time of the New Kingdom in Egypt (1567–1085 BC), it had become a kind of talisman for the journey of the dead. Because of the element of luck in the game and the Egyptian belief in determinism, it was believed that a successful player was under the protection of the major gods of the national pantheon: Ra, Thoth, and sometimes Osiris. Consequently, Senet boards were often placed in the grave alongside other useful objects for the dangerous journey through the afterlife and the game is referred to in Chapter XVII of the Book of the Dead. The game was also adopted in the Levant and as far as Cyprus and Crete but with apparently less religious significance.

Nefertari playing Senet. Painting in tomb of Egyptian Queen Nefertari (1295–1255 BC)

Los libros de acedrex dados e tablas
de Alfonso X el Sabio

Los libros de acedrex dados e tablas
de Alfonso X el Sabio

Los libros de acedrex dados e tablas
de Alfonso X el Sabio

Los libros de acedrex dados e tablas
de Alfonso X el Sabio

Los libros de acedrex dados e tablas
de Alfonso X el Sabio